Economic valuation with stated preference techniques : a manual
/ edited by Ian J. Bateman... [ et al..]
- Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2004.
- xx, 458 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Includes index.
List of figures ix List of tables xi List of boxes xiii The authors xv List of acronyms xvii Foreword xix INTRODUCTION 1 (12) Purpose of this manual 1 (1) Justification for assigning economic values to non-market effects 2 (4) A guide to the manual 6 (7) PART I: CONCEPTS 1. The foundations of economic valuation 13 (48) 1.1 The uses of economic valuation 13 (3) 1.2 The nature of economic valuation and economic efficiency 16 (2) 1.3 Economic valuation and other values 18 (2) 1.4 Economic valuation when there are no markets 20 (2) 1.5 Economic valuation and the demand curve 22 (2) 1.6 Willingness to pay and willingness to accept 24 (4) 1.7 Total economic value and aggregation 28 (10) 1.8 Stated preferences and public participation 38 (4) ANNEX 1.1 Benefits transfer and stated preference techniques 42 (10) ANNEX 1.2 Use of stated preference in UK environmental policy: the case of the aggregates levy 52 (3) ANNEX 1.3 Discounting 55 (6) 2. Commissioning a stated preference study 61 (28) 2.1 Defining the context 62 (3) 2.2 Is economic valuation necessary and credible? 65 (9) 2.3 Choosing between economic valuation techniques 74 (4) 2.4 Commissioning a valuation study: a checklist 78 (6) 2.5 A typical workplan for a stated preference study 84 (5) PART II: STATED PREFERENCE TECHNIQUES 3. Population, sample and survey mode 89 (23) 3.1 Defining the target population 89 (4) 3.2 The need for and the importance of sampling 93 (1) 3.3 The sampling frame 94 (2) 3.4 Choosing the sample 96 (5) 3.5 Choosing the survey mode 101 (6) 3.6 Choosing the sample size 107 (5) 4. Designing a contingent valuation questionnaire 112 (61) 4.1 Useful lessons from other disciplines 113 (3) 4.2 The stages of designing a contingent valuation questionnaire 116 (35) 4.3 Pre-testing 151 (5) 4.4 The main survey 156 (1) ANNEX 4.1 Writing survey questions 157 (16) 5. Analysis of contingent valuation data 173 (75) 5.1 Contingent valuation data sets 174 (8) 5.2 Specification of the bid function 182 (9) 5.3 Estimating mean and median WTP 191 (4) 5.4 Models. for testing the validity of WTP values 195 (1) 5.5 Models for benefits transfer exercises 196 (1) 5.6 Conclusions 197 (2) ANNEX 5.1 Econometric estimation of the bid function 199 (25) ANNEX 5.2 Estimating mean and median WTP 224 (24) 6. Designing a choice modelling questionnaire 248 (29) 6.1 What is choice modelling? 249 (1) 6.2 Main choice modelling approaches 250 (8) 6.3 Common design stages 258 (11) 6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of choice modelling relative to other economic valuation techniques 269 (8) 7. Analysis of choice modelling data 277 (19) 7.1 Choice experiments 278 (11) 7.2 Contingent ranking 289 (1) 7.3 Contingent rating 290 (4) 7.4 Paired comparison 294 (2) 8. Validity and reliability 296 (47) 8.1 Preferences, values and validity 297 (1) 8.2 Responses to survey questions: some basic issues 298 (2) 8.3 Value types and their consistency with economic theory 300 (4) 8.4 Overview of the validity problem and types of validity testing 304 (1) 8.5 Content validity 305 (8) 8.6 Construct validity 313 (21) 8.7 Reliability 334 (2) 8.8 Summary of factors relevant to determining validity and reliability 336 (7) 9. Aggregation 343 (16) 9.1 Conditions for valid aggregation 344 (3) 9.2 Aggregation approaches 347 (12) 10. Reporting 359 (8) 10.1 Objectives 359 (1) 10.2 Methodology 360 (1) 10.3 Literature review 360 (1) 10.4 Population and sampling strategy 360 (1) 10.5 Questionnaire design and implementation 361 (1) 10.6 Results 362 (1) 10.7 Validity testing 363 (1) 10.8 Aggregation and implications 363 (1) 10.9 Annexes 364 (3) PART III: FURTHER ISSUES 11. Combining revealed and stated preference techniques 367 (11) 11.1 Why combine revealed and stated preference techniques 367 (1) 11.2 Random utility models combining stated preference and revealed preference data 368 (1) 11.3 Contingent behaviour panel data models of price changes 369 (2) 11.4 Contingent behaviour models of environmental quality changes 371 (3) 11.5 Conclusions 374 (2) ANNEX 11.1 Random utility models combining stated preference and revealed preference data 376 (2) 12. Cautions, caveats and future directions 378 (27) 12.1 The standard neo-classical model of preferences 378 (2) 12.2 Elicitation and response mode effects 380 (5) 12.3 The disparity between WTP and WTA 385 (7) 12.4 Scope, embedding and sequencing effects 392 (6) 12.5 'Other-regarding' issues: altruism and reciprocity 398 (4) 12.6 Conclusions 402 (3) Bibliography 405 (29) Glossary 434 (11) Index 445